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Exaggerated Threat: The truth about China's Nuclear Arsenal?

posted Thursday, 11 May 2006

Even before it detonated its first nuclear bomb in 1964, the idea of a nuclear armed China has been of extreme concern to the West.

However, if a recently released report is to be believed, West powers may not only have significantly overestimated the extent of China's nuclear stockpile, but also misinterpreted its intent.

Chinese Nuclear Forces, 2006?

According to a recently published report, issued by the Natural Resources Defense Council; an internationally renowned NGO, China's nuclear stockpile may be up to 50 percent smaller than previously though.

  “Past U.S. predictions about China's nuclear arsenal have repeatedly proven to be highly unreliable.”

Chinese nuclear forces, 2006, Natural Resources Defense Council (2006), US.


Growing Threat?

In its report, Titled:Chinese nuclear forces, 2006, the NRDC contests repeated assertions from both the defense and intelligence communities that China has been steadily expanding its nuclear capabilities through a program of sustained modernization. Instead, it suggests that Beijing's nuclear development program is not only moving at a far slower rate than had been thought, but that it is also primarily concerned with taking old weapons systems out of service and replacing them with more reliable systems, rather than expanding the countries overall strike capabilities.

  “Rather than continue to grow, China's stockpile appears to have leveled out at approximately 200 warheads in the mid-1980s and remained at about that level ever since.“

Chinese nuclear forces, 2006, Natural Resources Defense Council (2006), US.


This comes in stark contrast to previous reports from groups such as the CIA which previously had indicated that China's nuclear arsenal was set to increase significantly over the next decade due to a pronounced expansion program.

  “The Intelligence Community projects that Chinese ballistic missile forces will increase several-fold by 2015 “

"Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015" National Intelligence Council, (December 2001)


China - Warheads

While Pentagon estimates put China's nuclear arsenal at 400+ warheads, NRDC figures indicate that China currently possess only 200 nuclear warheads. 130 of which it believes to be ready for deployment, with the remaining 70 in long term storage.

  “we estimate that China deploys approximately 130 nuclear warheads for delivery by land-based missiles, sea-based missiles, and bombers. Additional warheads are thought to be in storage for a total stockpile of approximately 200 warheads.”

Chinese nuclear forces, 2006, Natural Resources Defense Council, US.


China -Delivery Systems

Pentagon figures from 2002 estimated that China would have approximately 30 long range missiles capable of delivering 'multiple nuclear warheads' to the Continental United States by 2005, with additional projections going on to state that China could have 60 such missiles by 2010.

  “This number will increase to around 30 by 2005 and may reach 60 by 2010”

The Military Power of the People's Republic of China (2002), DoD, US



These figures were restated in 2003 and 2004, and included estimates that a missile force of that size could be used to deploy between 75 and 100 warheads against both US militarily targets and population centers.

In contrast, NRDC estimates suggest that China currently possesses only 20 missiles with the capacity to strike at the Continental United States, and that none of these platforms yet has the capacity to carry more than a single warhead. Giving
China the capacity to deploy only 20 warheads against the US, and making it highly likely that it would target strategic locations only.

  China deploys approximately 80 land-based, nuclear-capable ballistic missiles of four types: the Dong Feng (DF)-3, DF-4, DF-5, and DF-21 ...... Despite frequent claims to the contrary, none of the missiles carries multiple warheads.

Chinese nuclear forces, 2006, Natural Resources Defense Council, US.


Noting that it has been relatively slow to deploy long ranged systems, but instead has concentrated on short and medium range missiles, the NRDC also suggests that China's current activities indicate that Beijing is primarily concerned with offering a deterrent against military threats from Russia and India, with a tertiary goal of striking at US forces stationed on Guam and Japanese-Okinawa in the event of an active conflict breaking out between Mainland China and Chinese-Taiwan.

Current US defense doctrine states that China's nuclear program is primarily aimed at striking against the US.

Resources

Chinese Nuclear Forces, 2006 – PDF Click to Download

State of Play?

The US currently possesses 10,000 nuclear warheads of varying yield, but plans to reduce this number to 6,000 by 2012.

As of 2005, 480 of these warheads were officially deployed in Europe, with the largest single deployment being in England, where 110 US warheads are currently deployed.

 
“The United States currently deploys approximately 480 nuclear weapons in Europe. The weapons are stored at eight bases in six countries, mainly located in northeastern Europe.”

US Nuclear Weapons in Europe, Natural Resources Defense Council, US


European bases currently used to store and deploy US nuclear weapons include:
  • Kleine Brogel Airbase - Belgium
  • Büchel Airbase - Germany
  • Ramstein Airbase - Germany
  • Aviano Airbase - Italy
  • Ghedi Torre Airbase - Italy
  • Volkel Airbase - Holland
  • Incirlik Airbase - Turkey
  • RAF Lakenheath - England
Unlike both Russia and China, which have signed "no first strike" accords, the US reserves the right to launch unilateral pre-emptive nuclear strikes against any opponents.

According to current US nuclear doctrine, this includes the right to strike against non nuclear states, and to use nuclear weapons against states who are not engaged in any form of military hostilities with the US.


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1. Sarah Smith left...
Thursday, 11 May 2006 11:34 pm

An exaggerated threat of weapons of mass destruction? The west getting its intelligence skewed? Well, now that is without precedent, is it not?

Seriously, though, the whole increase in military buildup wherever it is, is very frightening to me. I remember hiding under desks during atom bomb drills when I was little. The threat was very real and immediate. Deja vu.


2. ACB left...
Friday, 12 May 2006 12:09 am :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

Strictly speaking, there isn't actually a military buildup in China's case.

Despite increasing its military spending dramatically, China's military is actually smaller than it has been for decades.

It shed over 1 million men and used the money to provide better equippment and training to the ones that remained.

It also threw a lot more money into buying comunications equippment, upgradeing machinery that was 20 years out of date, and ensuring that its officers were of the higest quality.

Don't think militarization, think modernization.

Read this, it explains some it in more detail.

http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com/chinas_new_great_leap_forward.htm


3. ACB left...
Friday, 12 May 2006 12:25 am :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

"the west getting its intelligence skewed? Well, now that is without precedent, is it"

There's a long story behind this. But here's the short version.

Originally, the China threat was hyped by people who:

1) feared the spread of comunism across Asia and wanted ot give Washington a good reason to clamp down on communist China 2) feared that the government would cut spending on US forces in the Pacific 3) feared that the nuclear deterent would be maintained but not upgrade without a 'significant threat' for it to be directed against once Russia calmed down.

Today, China's threat is being hyped by people who

1) fear that America's conventional military will be almost compeletely restructured in order to fight the war on terror unless it has a conventional enemy left to fight 2) that America will reduce its a Pacific forces to a maintenance level, and use the rest to fight the war on terror 3) want to boost the US economy by getting Taiwan and Japan to pay for expensive US weapon.


4. bobby fletcher left...
Saturday, 13 May 2006 4:08 am

Here's an article from last year:

http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art_ofn=mj05lewis

"Perhaps your anxiety about "marginal improvements" to China's missile force would recede as you learned that China's 18 ICBMs, sitting unfueled in their silos, their nuclear warheads in storage, are essentially the same as they were the day China began deploying them in 1981."


5. ACB left...
Saturday, 13 May 2006 3:56 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

If you read look at the stats, China's missile force is essentiall short to mid ranged, and designed mostly to target areas imediately beyond its borders.

There are offensive missiles aimed at Taiwan, and retalitory missiles aimed at Russia and India.

Pretty much everything other than these is aimed at Okinawa and Guam.

From this, it's quite easy to see that China isn't an active threat to the west, and that it has no intention of being so. The only people in danger from Chinese misisles are Taiwan and pottential agressors at the local level.

In fact, compared to its overall spending,China has spent practically nothing on the long ranged weapons that it would need to fight the kind of apocolyptic death war that America's entire missile arsenal is specifically designed for.


6. China Law Blog left...
Sunday, 14 May 2006 8:23 am :: http://www.chinalawblog.com

Bureaucracies will always do whatever they can to perpetuate themselves and the military is no different. The more scarier China appears to the U.S. populace, the more money the U.S. military gets. Our job is to maintain our scepticism.


7. China Law Blog left...
Sunday, 14 May 2006 9:00 am :: http://www.chinalawblog.com

Bureaucracies will always do whatever they can to perpetuate themselves and the military is no different. The more scarier China appears to the U.S. populace, the more money the U.S. military gets. Our job is to maintain our scepticism.


8. Nate left...
Friday, 20 April 2007 7:21 am

You act like the Chinese governmnet is so peaceful and passive. You can't just sit and home and mind your own business (which includes low standards of living and oppressing minorities and interest groups) and dabble into nuclear weapons like its just a hobby, a little project... and threaten action if anything ever gets serious with taiwan (just give up you have nothing to do with each other for 50 years now). Why are you so set on convincing people china is an exaggerated threat? Why are the chinese spying on everyone? I really hope they cooperate with the west, come around and help make the world a better place, not exploit their own people to aggrandize the country's power. I know a lot of chinese are proud people, but you can't tell me a lot of them don't have superiority complexes that even seem to be taught sometimes which is not healthy. I hope nothing ever happens cause there would be some f'n massive internment camps all over the world....and I wouldn't be able to go to Peking House and get combo 2 chicken balls, ginger beef, mixed vegetables, fried rice and an egg roll! mmmmm...unless those sneaky chinese bastards are trying to make us all unhealthily fat and lazy with their greasy food! haha Also my one chinese friend during school was an asshole, and so were a bunch of other chinese students....one kid very unstable.....mostly from taiwan though.....asians of other origins were much friendlier in my limited experience.


9. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Saturday, 21 April 2007 8:16 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

"You act like the Chinese government is so peaceful and passive"

Read my blog a bit more, I regularly accuse Beijing of genocide, mass human rights abuses and all kinds of horrors that Fox doesn't even touch on.

"Why are the Chinese spying on everyone"

Everyone is spying on everyone else, that's just how the world works. China spies and is spied upon too. Remember that big plane hat crashed on Hainan a couple of years back, that was a US spy plane.

"you can't tell me a lot of them don't have superiority complexes that even seem to be taught sometimes which is not healthy."

Most countries are the same. Last time I watched CBS I got a face full o'h "the American dream". It looked just like China, only with more NRA bumper stickers.

"unless those sneaky chinese bastards are trying to make us all unhealthily fat and lazy with their greasy food! "

Too right, you have Macdonald's for that.

"Also my one Chinese friend during school was an asshole,"

1) Why was he your friend is he was a complete hole? 2) I know plenty of whites like that too, but I don't claim that China made them that way.


10. Robert left...
Wednesday, 19 September 2007 11:14 pm :: http://www.chinasuccessstories.com/

It's so easy to point your finger to all that's wrong about a country. Sure, there is a lot that can and even must be improved about the Chinese government, bureaucracies, human rights etc, but overall China improved and is still improving at a high rate. We must not become too skeptical. Beside China's dark side (every country has those) it's also a beautiful place with more opportunities than imaginable according to most stories at http://www.chinasuccessstories.com/