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Wo Ting Bu Dong: Mandarin Fever - American Style

posted Saturday, 11 March 2006
There's a new kind of panic in town, and it's all about China, but its not what you might otherwise expect.

It's not about Chinese factories pirating American DVDs,
Chinese workers stealing American jobs, or Chinese soldiers killing Americans in a war over Chinese-Taiwan. It's not even about China doing any of those dastardly things that Congress tells you that 'commies' do. but which ex-pats in China see neither hide nor hair of while they're there. No, in fact it's about America waking to the fact that very few Americans speak Mandarin Chinese.

Wo Ting Bu Dong: Sorry mate, Can't understand a Word You're saying.

While the US government seems to be doing all that it can to restrict China's growth, and to keep the Chinese influence on America's economy to a minimum, there appears to be one group of people with a more pragmatic approach; America's parents, who are increasingly keen to see their children study Mandarin Chinese as a way of boosting their chances of grabbing hold of a piece of the modern world's fastest rising star.

However this sudden demand for Mandarin Chinese raises some awkward problem for Washington, whose tough immigration and anti-terrorism regulations laws make obtaining a working Visa for a native speaking Mandarin teacher about as much fun as having your toenails pulled out at the roots by a Guantanamo guard, and whose failing education system is in dire need of both teachers and funding for basic subject like English and Math, and cannot afford for valuable resources to be drawn away to yet another curriculum area.

It also raises some embarrassing questions for America, including; why doesn't the largest single military power in the Asia Pacific region already have an established nationwide program for teaching the largest single language in the Asia Pacific region?, and why, when Congress is still pushing China as being an irrelevant and predatory country, good only for making cheap T-shirts at the expense of American jobs, are so many American families seeing such a large slice of America's future  prosperity in doing business with China?

For some of the answers, and a lot more questions, read on:

  America in 'critical need' of Mandarin by Julian Borger

The US is being swept by a rush to learn Mandarin, the official form of the language used in mainland China. From wealthy New York mothers hiring Chinese nannies for their toddlers, to west coast parents demanding classes from their local schools to a defence department education project in Oregon.

The twin forces driving Mandarin's momentum are parental ambition for children facing a future in which China is almost certain to be a major player, and a government worried that America may get left behind in that new world order.

Grassroots demand is expanding exponentially. In a recent survey of US high schools 2,400 said they would consider teaching Mandarin if resources were available. By comparison, only 240 chose Italian and 175 chose Japanese, which was the fashionable language some 20 years ago when Japan was still considered an economic miracle.

However, the last time a reliable survey was done a couple of years ago, only 203 high schools across the country and about 160 elementary schools were actually teaching Chinese.

All in all, there are thought to be about 50,000 American schoolchildren studying Mandarin at public schools and another 50,000 outside the public system, in private and specialist schools. In 2002, there were about 34,000 Mandarin students in US universities, a 20% increase on the 1998 figure but hardly a revolution in US language education.

The bottleneck is the supply of teachers. Mandarin instructors are difficult to import and difficult to train. There are visa problems in bringing over teachers from China but the biggest barrier is cultural. Teaching in Asia is generally done by rote and the change to western, interactive styles of instruction can be a substantial leap.

On the other hand, it requires enormous tenacity for westerners to learn a language like Mandarin, with its thousands of written characters and its tonal nuances. According to the Asia Society in New York, all of America's teacher-training institutions turn out only a couple of dozen home-grown Mandarin teachers a year.

"Our teacher education system is not geared up for producing these teachers," said Michael Levine, the Asia Society's head of education. "We need to figure out some incentives."

One way to ease the shortage is to find native Mandarin speakers and use fast-track methods to train them. However, the majority of Chinese-Americans grew up speaking Cantonese, the dialect spoken in Hong Kong, where their parents came from. Many are themselves signing on as Mandarin students at the private language schools springing up on the west coast.

Alarmed at the shortage of Chinese language speakers in its ranks, the Pentagon is trying a pilot project of its own in Oregon, funding an integrated chain of Mandarin classes from kindergarten to university.

Bret Lovejoy, the executive director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, which is helping coordinate the defence department programme, said three more Mandarin projects and one in Arabic would be started this year around the country. But, for the moment, these are just isolated experiments. "The money that has come from the federal level so far has been a drop in the bucket," he said.

There are various bills making slow progress around Congress aimed at changing that and channelling significant federal investment into Chinese language learning. One bill sponsored by senators Lamar Alexander and Joseph Lieberman envisions spending $1.3bn on US-Chinese cultural exchange projects, mostly involving language.

Without White House backing, congressional spending bills often end up as little more than good intentions, but that has changed this year. As part of his drive to maintain and improve American competitiveness, George Bush unveiled what he called his National Security Language Initiative in January, aimed at a dramatic increase in the number of Americans learning "critical need" languages, including Chinese, as well as Arabic, Russian, Hindi and Farsi.

"Deficits in foreign language learning and teaching negatively affect our national security, diplomacy, law enforcement, intelligence communities and cultural understanding," the White House warned in a statement marking the launch of the programme.

Lovejoy is optimistic that the initiative could mark a turning point in foreign language teaching, which has always been the poor cousin of the US education system.

"I hope the president's announcement shakes something loose in Congress this year, or at least sets in motion a serious debate about language learning in this country. This is of critical importance to our economy, not just our national security," he argued.

There are, however, dissenting voices who see the rush to Mandarin as little more than a fad fuelled by over-hyped anxiety over impending Chinese hegemony. Writing in the International Herald Tribune in January, Andy Mukherjee, a commentator for Bloomberg News, scoffed: "Fear of China is making Americans so nervous that some of them have stopped thinking rationally. At least that is the impression I draw from the whole craze in the US about learning Chinese."

Mukherjee argued that so many Chinese students were learning English that it would not be cost-effective for Americans to pour hundreds of millions of dollars and years of their time into learning Mandarin. English would become the norm for commerce in China. The money, he concluded, would be better spent on teaching mathematics, in which American children are falling far behind their Chinese counterparts.

Unsurprisingly, Lovejoy is unimpressed by these arguments, which he sees as a form of linguistic Luddism. "To ignore a language spoken by more than 1 billion people is idiotic and dangerous," he wrote in response. "We will only maintain our position at the international trade table if we learn to speak to our suppliers and customers in other countries on their terms."

The White House and the Pentagon clearly agree, judging by the seriousness with which they are treating the widening "language gap" with China.

It does seem that big federal money is beginning to flow into Mandarin teaching. The question now is whether American students can rise to the linguistic challenge.

Care of the Guardian, Original URL

http://education.guardian.co.uk/tefl/story/0,,1727000,00.html



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1. eusuee left...
Sunday, 12 March 2006 3:26 am

Hi, I am a graduate from Mass Communication School of Louisiana State University. I have a homework to do this week -- to interview a political blogger. I have kept a close eye on your blog for some time and really appreciate it. Would you like to give me this chance? If yes, please email me: eusuee@hotmail.com. Thanks a lot!!


2. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Sunday, 12 March 2006 5:48 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

你是中国人,是巴?

这是你?

http://www1.tianyablog.com/blogger/view_blog.asp?BlogName=eusuee


3. eusuee left...
Monday, 13 March 2006 3:50 am

对啊.以为你看不懂中文~~MSN交流?


4. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Monday, 13 March 2006 4:52 am :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

我有中文. 可是我的英文更好

没有MSM


5. eusuee left...
Monday, 13 March 2006 11:24 am

So are you willing to receive my interview? If so, I think we can figure out some way to do it. Telephone or email or something else, it depends on you. Thank you :)


6. Precious Slices left...
Tuesday, 14 March 2006 1:56 am

I can personally attest to the problems of Chinese teaching in the US, currently suffering under an old school rote memorization regime.

The craze has certainly hit Seattle, where I was recently invited to speak at a teacher conference about my experiences learning Chinese. The message of the whole session was to take advantage of the "heritage" learners (those who grow up speaking Chinese in the home) as a national resource for Chinese, which kind of made me feel like I'd wasted my 6 years of effort if our only national resource for Chinese language is the Chinese-American community.

I am also in agreement with the last statement above, questioning whether American students can "rise to the linguistic challenge." Have you read any of the recent stories about how the problem with American students is that they're just too lazy?

American public schools don't provide an environment for properly teaching foreign languge, at least not to a useful level of fluency, with most only requiring 2 years. It's too alarmist to assume that thousands of new Mandarin speakers will come out of this new foreign language craze.


7. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Tuesday, 14 March 2006 3:27 am :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

I hear you.

"American public schools don't provide an environment for properly teaching foreign languge"

In my experience, Ameircan public schools don't provide the right environment to learn any subject in depth, and neither do colleges.

Students in the US spend fewer hours in the classroom than their Asian or European counterparts (Asians often have a 6 day school week, and Europeans only have a 1/12 month sumner vacation and a miniscule spring break), and they are encouraged to be 'creative' which means that they jump to more advanced areas so that they can have input, but without properly learning the basics.

They also have too many subjects for the time that they are in school and minimal homework.

This spreads right through the US system from highschool to college.

To much broad knowledge, to much time spent on extrapilation and not engough time spent learning the basics.

"how the problem with American students is that they're just too lazy?"

I have to agree with this, Ameircan teens have no attention span.

"our only national resource for Chinese language is the Chinese-American community"

It's worse than yoy think, half of this 'resource' speak cantonnese, not mandarin, and most second or third generation Chinese Ameircans can spek Mandarin but only have only a basic knowledge of written Chinese.


8. Sarah left...
Tuesday, 14 March 2006 8:47 am

I'm a retired teacher, and I can tell you from personal experience that you are absolutely correct when you say the American educational system is not geared to teach any subject in depth, Kindergarten through 12th grade. Teaching is not a valued occupation and the school system is geared to produce compliant consumers, not educated citizens who can think for themselves.


9. eusuee left...
Tuesday, 14 March 2006 3:21 pm

楼主同志,I am still waiting for your reply~~~ 很着急~~~Please contact me or leave me a message!!


10. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Tuesday, 14 March 2006 4:39 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

eusuee:

Sorry, but I don't give out my email address to write-ins.

FYI: on the Mainland 同志 is slang for homosexual.


11. eusuee left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 1:38 am

So you mean you don't want to accept my interview?


12. ACB left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 1:46 am :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

Sorry, no time, too many privacy concern, and a strong dislike for interviews.


13. THM left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 8:32 am :: http://thehorsesmouth.blog-city.com

Actually, it's not just Americans, it's all Western nations.


14. THM left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 8:35 am :: http://thehorsesmouth.blog-city.com

North Korea issuing a statement in support of "One China"? I'm shocked. Shocked I tell ya!


15. eusuee left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 11:06 am

You should give me clear reply earlier. You are wasting my time. In my opinion, that is an attitude without basic respect for others, whoever you are.


16. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 4:40 pm

THM:

"Actually, it's not just Americans, it's all Western nations."

I've found that America is the worst offender for this, sorry, but it has the shortest school years and the most liberal systems.

Teachers in the US commonly have to skip over the basics in order to reach more advaanced areas where the children can branch out.

Less roate learning also mean less of the basics.


17. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 4:42 pm

eusuee:

You didn't tell me who you were, where you are from, or link me to your blog so that I could find out for myself.

At least other people tell me that they have a blog so that I know they might post what I say on it.

What do you expect me to do but fish for information?


18. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 4:42 pm

eusuee:

You didn't tell me who you were, where you are from, or link me to your blog so that I could find out for myself.

At least other people tell me that they have a blog so that I know they might post what I say on it.

What do you expect me to do but fish for information?


19. Brian left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 10:42 pm :: http://www.brianmathes.com/blog

One consequence of the political aspect of immigration is that there is a disproportionate amount of Taiwanese-Americans teaching Chinese in the states. I've had three different Chinese teachers so far in America, and all 3 had connections to Taiwan rather than to China.


20. ACB left...
Wednesday, 15 March 2006 11:10 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

Brian:

It's not the same as having a mainland teacher, is it.

Some days it seems like was easier to get out of Communist Russia than into post 9/11 America.

It's gotten so bad that it's harder for a Chinese student to get a visa to attend college in the US than it is for them to get the college place iteself, and a lot of Ameircan businesses are finding it almost imposible to get visas for their Chinese business partners.

I also know people who were American citizens from birth who've been fighting for ages just to get their Chinese spouse a visa. Which used to be almost automatic.


21. Johan left...
Thursday, 16 March 2006 9:15 pm

In China much language education is done by collectively shouting repetitions of what the teacher says.

I don't think I would want to switch one minute of teaching in a school in the US to one in China. But maybe that's wasn't the issue here.

I think the problems in the developed world, and particularly in the US, is motivation. I see that many ABCs are doing very well, using a 'relatively' good education system, and a drive brought on them by their parents, no?


22. The Angry Chinese Blogger left...
Thursday, 16 March 2006 9:48 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

"I think the problems in the developed world, and particularly in the US, is motivation."

I've seen this a lot in my travels in the west.

People who do not value education enough.

They either believe that they will do OK whatever or that they will end up the same no matter how hard they try so why bother.

Governments also do not value diversity enough and they set stupid standards that are impossible for slow learners to meet without extra help, and which hold back advanced students by not lettig them skip to a higher level. The US and UK are by far the two worst offenders that I have seen.

They rate 'average' as being acceptable and refuse to critisize anybody who doesn't reach an acceptable standard. Sadly, this average is set to what they believe is an 'achievable level', but which is actually pretty close to the basic level that an average student can reach without really trying.

It's basicly having the literacy of an average 12 year old and numerate enough to use a calculator for simple sums.

Additionally, neither country has a state backed system for allowing advanced students to advance beyond their peirs. Or for slower students to catch up at their own pace.

For example, in the US, just about the only way of getting into an advanced stream is to go private which a lot of people can't afford, and in the UK they actually BANNED schools from specializing in advanced pupils on the grounds that it went against the countries socialist principles.

In China and Japan, you have entrance paper that allow schools to be streamed based on ability.

Children who are advanced have to compete to get into advanced schools. They have a goal to work towards and a clear set of standard that they must work hard to reach.

If they sit still they won't make it.

The children who can't make it go to schools that are used to dealing with students who are not as advanced and can give them programs that are aimed at their level rather than at some fictitious average that they will struggle to meet without extra help, or they can be put into technical streams that teach them a physical trade where skills are ore important than pure knowledge (Ok, this isn't so good in China, but it works in Japan).

Under the US and UK systems, only the studnets who are in the middle get an education at the right level, otherwise you either are pushed beyond your level, or are held back by a system that refuses to let you advance.

This sends quite the wrong message. It says that even if you try, you will never make much more of yourself unless you have money for a private school, and that when you are average, you are good enough.


23. Rich Kuslan left...
Friday, 24 March 2006 2:03 am

Where, pray tell, do you imagine that all of these American Chinese speakers will find a market for their linguistic and cultural skills? The State Dept. and intelligence agencies remain buyers of these skills, as they have always been. But the demand for China skills in the business world, where application is immediate, valuable and necessary, remains very low for American business. American business is more likely to hire native Chinese who, they figure, grew up with the necessary skills, and, besides, are usually less expensive all around. And then, what is the American business to do with an American-raised regional specialist when they want to move him out of his region of expertise -- will he be willing to move and where do they place him? Etc. It's a far knottier issue than you portray it to be.

Sincerely,

Rich Kuslan, Editor Asia Business Intelligence www.asiabizblog.com


24. a left...
Friday, 24 March 2006 4:53 pm :: http://angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com

Rich Kuslan:

Much of this demand appears to be comming from parents, who believe that their children should have this skill, rather than from businesses looking to use it.

As for companies who opperate in China, my experience has clearely shown me that most companies tend to hir native speakers of the foreign language who have learnt their (the company's) language, rather than hiring a native speaker of their (the company's) language who learnt the foreign language.

There are two reasons for this

1) cost. Unless that language is English, it's usually cheaper to higher a foreigner.

2) Fluency. It's easier to translate into your native langage than from it. Less mistakes.

Additionally, having Chinese as a second language is impressive, even if you don't use it.

An Ivy league school or college is going to look more favorably on a Chinese speaker than a Spanish speaker.